![]() More than 59,000 papers have been published on MOF according to the Science Citation Index (SCI) database and the number has increased sharply in recent years. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are constructed by metal ions and organic ligands with unique structure and properties (Furukawa et al., 2013). Our results highlighted the potential threat of MOF materials to plant growth and photosynthesis. ![]() In addition, the photosynthetic inhibitions of MOF-199 were stronger than equivalent concentrations of Cu(NO 3) 2, implying that MOF-199 particles also contributed to the environmental hazards. Mechanistically, MOF-199 released Cu 2+ in the nutrient solution, led to Cu 2+ accumulations in seedlings, and promoted oxidative stress. Damage to the acceptor side of photosystem II was evidenced by chlorophyll fluorescence. The net photosynthetic rate increased, while the total photosynthesis capability decreased. MOF-199 inhibited the seedling growth at high concentrations. ![]() MOF-199 accelerated the germination of pea seeds, but the total germination rates were unchanged. MOF-199 was copper containing double-pyramid of high surface area (668 m 2/g). MOF-199 was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Herein, we reported the toxicity and photosynthetic inhibitory properties of MOF-199 to pea plants ( Pisum sativum L.). However, the environmental impact of MOF materials on plants is completely unknown. To ensure safe production and applications, the toxicity and environmental hazards of MOF materials should be thoroughly investigated. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are star materials with unique structures and properties. Having pest issues? Check out in-depth information for pests that can be an issue to peas at the UC Integrated Pest Management site.Learn about growing all our crops on our YouTube page!.New to starting crops from seeds? Please watch our Seed Starting Presentation to learn the basics!.Try our Sugar Snap Peas, Mammoth Melting Peas, and Green Arrow Shelling peas. At the base of the pea plant, we like to plant alyssum because it is low growing and so cute! Sweet peas do not have edible pods but do look lovely with edible peas. Peas are a beautiful plant and can be grown on a trellis with other blooming ornamentals like our sweet pea flowers.Rinse off any aphids you see until the soil cools. When planting peas in the fall, aphids can be an issue due to the heat.Mulch heavily around your plants to ensure the soil does not dry out or heat up.Protecting peas from heat spells or hot weather is critical.Mulch heavily on the top layer of soil in the pot to keep the soil from drying out or heating up too much. Keep in mind containers will dry out faster because they have more surface area and less soil to hold onto moisture. You can grow peas in a container but make sure your container is at least 20″ deep and the peas have something to grow up. Peas are an excellent plant for growing in containers.If you are growing shelling peas, let the peas inside the pod fully swell before picking.If you are growing a sugar snap or snow pea variety where the pod is consumed, harvest them while the pod is tender before the peas inside have formed.Mulching heavily around your peas will help with weed suppression and moisture retention.Peas are easy to grow once you get them established!.When the plants are 3-4″ tall, you can plant them out into the garden. Once your pea seeds have germinated and are 1-2″ tall, fertilize with an organic liquid fertilizer. ![]() Place seeds on the top of the soil and cover with 1/2″ of finely sifted soil.
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